Purification of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase secreted from cultured chick embryo chondrocytes.

Alterations of chondroitin sulfate synthesized by chick embryo cartilage cultured in the presence of 6-aminonicotinamide.

Treatment of day-4 chick embryos with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) impairs limbs chondrogenesis and produces micromelia. Interference with limb cartilage development may be related to decreased NAD-dependent synthesis of ATP due to the fact that chondrogenesis is dependent upon anaerobic metabolism. To better understand the effect of 6-AN on chondrogenesis, isolated cartilage epiphyses from day-1...

Copolymers of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in chick embryo epiphyses and other cartilage.

Tetrasaccharides were prepared from chondroitin sulfate by means of a limited degradation with chondroitinase ABC. Tetrasaccharides containing one sulfate per disaccharide unit were isolated and were found to be of three types: a tetrasaccharide with two 6-sulfated disaccharide units, a tetrasaccharide with two 4-sulfated disaccharide units, and a tetrasaccharide with one 4-sulfated disaccharid...

Co-purification of galactosyltransferases from chick-embryo liver.

Two galactosyltransferases with nearly identical Mr values were purified 5000-7000-fold from microsomal membranes of chick-embryo livers by using several affinity columns. One enzyme transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to form a beta-(1----4)-linkage to GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) or AsAgAGP [asialo-agalacto-(alpha 1-acid glycoprotein)]. The other enzyme forms a beta-(1----3)-linkage to AsO...

SOX9 transduction increases chondroitin sulfate synthesis in cultured human articular chondrocytes without altering glycosyltransferase and sulfotransferase transcription.

The transcription factor SOX9 (Sry-type high-mobility-group box 9) is expressed in all chondrocytes and is essential for the expression of aggrecan, which during biosynthesis is substituted with more than 10 times its weight of CS (chondroitin sulfate) and is secreted by chondrocytes to form the characteristic GAG (glycosaminoglycan)-rich ECM (extracellular matrix) of cartilage. SOX9 expression...

Effect of Extracellular Chondroitin Sulfate on Cultured Chondrocytes